Break bulk is cargo transported as separate units rather than inside standard shipping containers or as loose bulk material. Examples include machinery, steel coils, timber, vehicles and oversized project equipment.
How is break-bulk cargo handled?
Each unit may be lifted, secured, counted and transferred individually using cranes, slings, pallets or specialized frames. Handling plans depend on weight, dimensions, center of gravity and lifting points.
Break bulk versus bulk cargo
Break bulk consists of discrete packaged or unitized pieces. Bulk cargo, such as grain or ore, is carried loose in a vessel hold. Containerized cargo is packed inside standardized containers.
How are charges determined?
Pricing may consider revenue tons, weight, measurement, lifting complexity, port handling, storage and special equipment. A revenue ton may be based on weight or volume according to the carrier’s tariff.
For example, if freight is charged on the greater of one metric ton or one cubic meter, a 3-ton machine occupying 5 cubic meters may be charged as 5 revenue tons. The applicable conversion must be confirmed in the quote.
Which documents and plans are needed?
Common records include packing lists, cargo drawings, lifting plans, method statements, transport documents, insurance certificates and inspection reports.
What should a shipper verify?
Confirm port capability, equipment, weather limits, stowage, lashing, survey requirements, insurance and responsibility at each transfer point. Damage risk rises when cargo is handled repeatedly.
